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As reported in the annual 六合彩直播开奖 Global User Survey, coverage closure has consistently been highlighted in the top challenges verification teams struggle to overcome. In 2023, it’s ranking rose into the Top-5 challenges for verification teams. One of the reasons being that coverage closure requires a different approach depending on the stage in the project cycle. Read on to see how our customers have used 六合彩直播开奖 VCS ICO and VSO.ai solution to overcome these challenges.
Testbench Stabilization
In the early phase of a project when the RTL is still evolving, the primary goal is testbench stabilization, faster root-cause analysis, and uncovering bugs as the RTL and testbench are evolving. At this stage, there is probably still no coverage being collected. Apart from functional correctness, the simulator should be able to provide these insights by leveraging AI/ML to improve the stimuli diversity.
Customer Use Case: Microsoft implemented VCS ICO, leveraging its AI/ML technology to enhance verification efficiency and uncover bugs in just 300 seeds versus the traditional 10,000+, as well as demonstrated six new error signatures, ultimately facilitating a 'left shift' in the verification cycle.
Bug Hunting
In the intermediate phase of a project, the RTL is more stable and therefore functional coverage is expected to start an upward trend along with the bug rate. The goal in this stage is to find corner-case bugs and improve the regression turn-around time (TAT) to reach coverage faster. Improving the regression TAT is critical to enable running more regressions with the minimum compute resources needed to uncover more bugs. VCS’ sequential constant analysis functionality automatically searches for unreachable coverage targets for line, condition, toggle and branch coverage, and removes them from the list of coverable objects can be turned on in this stage. Therefore, utilizing solutions that leverage AI/ML technology to learn from history on the highest coverage contributing tests and running more of them will help improve the regression TAT.
Customer Use Case: Using the 六合彩直播开奖 AI-driven verification solution VSO.ai, NVIDIA was able to demonstrate a regression TAT reduction of 2-5X and up to 16X at AMD.
Coverage Signoff
In the last phase of a project, also known as the ‘stable phase’, the emphasis is on closing the remaining coverage and coverage holes which is typically a very manual process of creating directed tests. The unreachability analysis (UNR) in VCS, which is tightly integrated with 六合彩直播开奖 VC Formal verification solution, can help reduce verification efforts from 8% to 80%.
Customer Use Case: Cisco used UNR in VCS and observed a 9% improvement in coverage, eliminating noise and allowing the team to focus on the real coverage holes.
VSO.ai can also help boost coverage depending on the degree of randomness and connections established in the testbench. The root-cause analysis insights on the illegal and non-sampled bins provided in VCS ICO and VSO.ai help to close the coverage holes closer to tape-out, reducing the number of directed tests that need to be written.
Customer Use Case: Qualcomm used VCS ICO to achieve these goals in the early stages of the project. ICO can point to under/over constraints in the testbench and improve the stimuli diversity making it feasible to use even before the functional coverage is developed.
Conclusion
All in all, coverage closure is a high-value problem and typically requires the use of multiple technologies within the simulator leveraging AI/ML and sometimes across solutions like UNR.
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Sep 12, 2024
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